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KMID : 1001320110380030057
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Social Welfare Policy
2011 Volume.38 No. 3 p.57 ~ p.80
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Social Planning of the Authoritarian Developmental State and the Politics of Legitimation: A Critique of the Saemaul Movement under the Park Chung-Hee Regime
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Park Bo-Young
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Abstract
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Recently, the Saemaul Movement, or “new village” movement, has been becoming the main public interest. The government commemorates the Saemaul Day on April 22 from this year. The Saemaul Movement was a state-led community development project for rural development in the 1970s initiated by the former President Park Chung-Hee. According to the supporters of the Saemaul Movement, the Saemaul Movement was a greatly successful enlightenment and rural development campaign to modernize the rural economy. But unlike their claims, this study suggests that the Saemaul Movement under the Park Chung-Hee regime was the political project of national consensus to serve the regime stability of the authoritarian developmental state. In turn, the Saemaul Movement was a social planning to legitimize the rule of the weakly legitimated government in terms of the politics of legitimation, or the welfare politics of the authoritarian developmental state. This study suggests that the Park Chung-Hee regime could take three political advantages through the Saemaul Movement. Firstly, developing rural areas and economy was to maintain the political support of the peasants who traditionally had formed the bedrock of the Park Chung-Hee regime’s support. Secondly, mobilizing the people for Saemaul Movement’s collective instruction led by the authoritarian state was to paralyze the forces hostile to the dictatorship of Park Chung-Hee regime. Thirdly, utilizing the private sectors’ resources in local community development was to improve the peoples’ life conditions without welfare spending. That is, apparently the local community development was a great success without undermining the principle of fiscal conservatism in social welfare spending.
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KEYWORD
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Saemaul Movement, Park Chung-Hee regime, authoritarian developmental state, social planning, welfare politics, the politics of Legitimation
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